Jewish Baku today
Mountain, Ashkenazi and Georgian Jews live in Baku, each community with its own synagogue and traditions.
Updated: 16 September 2026
Estimates of the community’s size differ: JDC cites about 7,000, the World Jewish Congress about 7,200 and the Euro-Asian Jewish Congress about 22,000 (undated). We show every estimate with its source rather than picking one.
Besides the synagogues, the city has a Jewish day school, welfare programmes for elderly people and youth initiatives. During the Second World War Azerbaijan took in tens of thousands of Jewish refugees — a history recalled at annual remembrance ceremonies.
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Qırmızı Qəsəbə: a living town, not an open-air museum
The town on the Qudyal river, facing Quba, is one of the very few places outside Israel with a Jewish-majority population.
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Juhuri is an Iranian language spoken for centuries by the Mountain Jews of the eastern Caucasus.
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Oğuz: the heritage of a small community
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